Supervision : Bernadette BOUCHON-MEUNIER

Apprentissage inductif en présence de données imprécises : construction et utilisation d'arbres de décision flous

3 PhD students (Supervision / Co-supervision)

• JEYASOTHY Adulam : interprétabilité des modèles en apprentissage automatique
• PANTIN Jérémie : Detection and semantic characterisation of textual outliers
• RIDA Adam : Defining Differential Explanations: Understanding the Dynamic of Changes in Machine Learning Models

15 PhD graduated 2007 - 2022

1995-2023 Publications

• 2023
  • A. Jeyasothy, Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Intégration de connaissances dans les méthodes d’explications post-hoc”, Rencontres francophones sur la logique floue et ses applications, Toulouse, France (2023)
  • Th. Laugel, A. Jeyasothy, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Achieving Diversity in Counterfactual Explanations: a Review and Discussion”, FAccT ’23, vol. 23 (6), Chicago, Il, United States, (ISBN: 979-8-4007-0192-4) (2023)
• 2022
  • V. Janiak, V. Jousselin, G. Tallec, Ch. Marsala, U. Saleem, M. Dres, A. Pinna : “Prediction of the extubation outcome through Electrical Impedance Tomography measurements”, IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS), Tapei, Taiwan, Province of China (2022)
  • F. Badra, M.‑J. Lesot, A. Barakat, Ch. Marsala : “Theoretical and Experimental Study of a Complexity Measure for Analogical Transfer”, International Conference on Case-based Reasoning (ICCBR), vol. 13405, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Nancy, France, pp. 175-189, (Springer) (2022)
  • C. Del cistia Gallimard, F. Beroul, J. Denoulet, K. Nikolajevic, A. Pinna, B. Granado, Ch. Marsala : “Harmonic Decomposition to Estimate Periodic Signals using Machine Learning Algorithms: Application to Helicopter Loads”, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Padua, Italy (2022)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Explainable Fuzzy Interpolative Reasoning”, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Padova, Italy (2022)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Attribute Ranking with Bipolar Information”, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'2022), Milan, Italy (2022)
  • A. Jeyasothy, Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Integrating Prior Knowledge in Post-hoc Explanations”, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'2022), vol. 1602, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Milan, Italy, pp. 707–719, (Springer) (2022)
  • Ch. Marsala, I. Bloch, M.‑J. Lesot, S. Tollari, J.‑N. Vittaut : “Recherches en IA explicable dans l’équipe LFI du LIP6”, Bulletin de l'AFIA n°116, pp. 9-13, (Association française pour l'intelligence artificielle (AFIA) - GRENOBLE https://afia.asso.fr/les-bulletins/) (2022)
  • J. Pantin, Ch. Marsala, M.‑J. Lesot : “Analyse de Données Aberrantes pour le Texte: Taxonomie et Étude Expérimentale”, Actes de l'atelier sur la fouille de textes - TextMine'22, Blois, France, pp. 15-26 (2022)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Interprétabilité des approches de raisonnement interpolatif flou”, LFA 2022 - Rencontres francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications, Toulouse, France, (Cépaduès) (2022)
• 2021
  • Ch. Marsala : “Building Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets in Machine Learning”, Proceedings of WILF 2021, the 13^th International Workshop on Fuzzy Logic and Applications (WILF 2021), vol. 3074, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vietri sul Mare, Italy, (CEUR-WS.org) (2021)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Interpretable monotonicities for entropies of intuitionistic fuzzy sets or interval-valued fuzzy sets”, Joint Proceedings of the 19^th World Congress of the International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA), the 12^th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT), and the 11^th International Summer School on Aggregation Operators (AGOP), Bratislava, Slovakia, pp. 48-54, (Atlantis Press) (2021)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “Lotfi A. Zadeh, the visionary in Explainable Artificial Intelligence”, TWMS J. Pure Applied Math, vol. 12 (1), pp. 5-13 (2021)
  • M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Approaches for Soft Computing and Approximate Reasoning: Theories and Applications: Dedicated to Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier”, vol. 394, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing (2021)
• 2020
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Interprétabilité des entropies d’ensembles flous intuitionnistes ou définis par intervalles”, 29^e rencontres francophones sur la logique floue et ses applications, Sète, France, pp. 141-147, (Cépaduès) (2020)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Entropy and monotonicity in artificial intelligence”, International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 124, pp. 111-122, (Elsevier) (2020)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Polar Representation of Bipolar Information: A Case Study to Compare Intuitionistic Entropies”, 18^th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'2020), vol. 1237, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Lisboa, Portugal, pp. 107-116, (Springer) (2020)
• 2019
  • I. Doboszewski, S. Fossier, Ch. Marsala : “Data Driven Detection of Railway Point Machines Failures”, IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) - Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation Systems (CIVTS), Xiamen, China, pp. 1233-1240 (2019)
  • D. Machanje, J. Orero, Ch. Marsala : “Distress Recognition from Speech Analysis: A Pairwise Association Rules-Based Approach”, IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) - Computational Intelligence for Engineering Solutions (CIES), Xiamen, China (2019)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Entropies et ensembles flous intuitionnistes”, LFA 2019 - Rencontres francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications, Alès, France, pp. 143-148, (Cépaduès) (2019)
  • Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, X. Renard, M. Detyniecki : “Unjustified Classification Regions and Counterfactual Explanations In Machine Learning”, Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. ECML PKDD 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11907, vol. 11907 (II), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Würzburg, Germany, pp. 37-54 (2019)
  • A. Guillon, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “A proximal framework for fuzzy subspace clustering”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 366, pp. 34-45, (Elsevier) (2019)
  • Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, X. Renard, M. Detyniecki : “The Dangers of Post-hoc Interpretability: Unjustified Counterfactual Explanations”, Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI-19}, Macao, Macao, pp. 2801-2807, (International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization) (2019)
  • Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Issues with post-hoc counterfactual explanations: a discussion”, ICML Workshop on Human in the Loop Learning (HILL 2019), Long Beach, United States (2019)
• 2018
  • Ch. Marsala, A. Laurent, M.‑J. Lesot, M. Rifqi, A. Castelltort : “OSACA: Découverte d’attributs symboliques ordinaux”, 27^es Rencontres Francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Application, Arras, France, pp. 43-50, (Cépaduès Editions) (2018)
  • A. Guillon, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “Régularisation laplacienne pour le subspace clustering”, Rencontres Francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications (LFA), Arras, France, pp. 69-76, (Cépaduès Editions) (2018)
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, L. Castanie : “Mining 3D-Structures: Subparts Extraction and Transfer Learning”, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC'2018), Miyazaki, Japan (2018)
  • O. Chuquimia, A. Pinna, Ch. Marsala, X. Dray, B. Granado : “FPGA-based Real Time Embedded Hough Transform Architecture for circles detection”, DASIP 2018 - Conference on Design and Architectures for Signal and Image Processing, Porto, Portugal (2018)
  • Ch. Marsala, A. Laurent, M.‑J. Lesot, M. Rifqi, A. Castelltort : “Discovering Ordinal Attributes Through Gradual Patterns, Morphological Filters and Rank Discrimination Measures”, 12^th International Conference of Scalable Uncertainty Management, vol. 11142, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Milan, Italy, pp. 152-163, (Springer) (2018)
  • X. Renard, Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Detecting Potential Local Adversarial Examples for Human-Interpretable Defense”, Workshop on Recent Advances in Adversarial Learning (Nemesis) of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles of Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML-PKDD), Dublin, Ireland (2018)
  • Th. Laugel, X. Renard, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Defining Locality for Surrogates in Post-hoc Interpretablity”, Workshop on Human Interpretability for Machine Learning (WHI) - International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), Stockholm, Sweden (2018)
  • W. YANG, M. Rifqi, Ch. Marsala, A. Pinna : “Physiological-Based Emotion Detection and Recognition in a Video Game Context”, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rio, Brazil, pp. 194-201 (2018)
  • D. Machanje, J. Orero, Ch. Marsala : “A 2D-Approach Towards the Detection of Distress Using Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor”, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. Theory and Foundations. IPMU 2018, vol. 853, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. Theory and Foundations, Cadix, Spain, pp. 762-773, (Springer International Publishing) (2018)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Entropy and Monotonicity”, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems - IPMU'18, Cadix, Spain (2018)
  • I. Doboszewski, S. Fossier, Ch. Marsala : “Extraction de connaissances sur les défaillances de compteurs d’essieux”, 18^eme Conférence internationale sur l'extraction et la gestion des connaissances (EGC), vol. RNTI-E-34, 18^eme Conférence internationale sur l'extraction et la gestion des connaissances (EGC), Paris, France, pp. 311-316 (2018)
  • Th. Laugel, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, X. Renard, M. Detyniecki : “Comparison-based Inverse Classification for Interpretability in Machine Learning”, 17^th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU 2018), Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. Theory and Foundations, Cadix, Spain, pp. 100-111, (Springer Verlag) (2018)
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, L. Castanie : “Classification of 3D objects by random extraction of discriminant sub-parts for the study of the sub-soil in oil prospecting”, chapter in Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Management (2018)
• 2017
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, C. De Runz, L. Castanie : “Sélection d’attributs pour la classification d’objets 3D”, Rencontres Francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications, Amiens, France, pp. 83-90, (Cépaduès Editions) (2017)
  • kh. Laghmari, Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani : “An adapted incremental graded multi-label classification model for recommendation systems”, Progress in Artificial Intelligence, (Springer) (2017)
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, L. Castanie : “3DRESC-TF : Apprentissage par transfert pour la réutilisation de connaissances en classification d’objets 3D”, Conférence Nationale sur les Applications Pratiques de l’Intelligence Artificielle, Caen, France (2017)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Fuzzy Decision Tree and Fuzzy Gradual Decision Tree: Application to Job Satisfaction”, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), Napoli, Italy, pp. 1-6, (IEEE) (2017)
  • A. Guillon, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “Laplacian Regularization For Fuzzy Subspace Clustering”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FuzzIEEE'17), Napoli, Italy (2017)
  • kh. Laghmari, Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani : “A Distributed Recommender System Based on Graded Multi-label Classification”, International Conference on Networked Systems, vol. 10299, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Marrakech, Morocco, pp. 101-108, (Springer) (2017)
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, L. Castanie, B. Conche : “Classification d’objets 3D par extraction de sous-parties discriminantes pour l’étude du sous-sol en prospection pétrolière”, EGC 2017, vol. RNTI-E-33, Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, Grenoble, France, pp. 225-236 (2017)
  • kh. Laghmari, Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani : “Classification multi-labels graduée: Apprendre les relations entre les labels ou limiter la propagation d’erreur ?”, Actes EGC 2017, Grenoble, France (2017)
• 2016
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Entropy measures and views of information”, chapter in Granular, Soft and Fuzzy Approaches for Intelligent Systems, vol. 344, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, (Springer), (ISBN: 978-3-319-40314-4) (2016)
  • P.‑X. Loeffel, V. Lemaire, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Improving the Prediction Cost of Drift Handling Algorithms by Abstaining”, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2016), Barcelone, Spain (2016)
  • kh. Laghmari, Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani : “Graded multi-label classification: compromise between handling label relations and limiting error propagation”, SITA 2016 - 11^th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications, Mohammadia, Morocco, pp. 1-6, (IEEE) (2016)
  • W. YANG, Ch. Marsala, A. Pinna, M. Rifqi, P. Garda : “Arbres de décision flous adaptatifs”, 25^e rencontres francophones sur la logique floue et ses applications (LFA), La Rochelle, France (2016)
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, L. Castanie : “Heat Kernel Signature pour la sélection et la classification d’objets - application aux géo-modèles 3D”, La 5^e édition des journées « Big Data Mining and Visualization », Metz, France (2016)
  • P.‑X. Loeffel, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Memory management for data streams subject to concept drift”, European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning, Bruges, Belgium (2016)
  • W. Xu, Ch. Marsala : “Personalized Search in Smart Indoor Environments: Combining a Formal Location Model, User Preferences and Semantic Similarity”, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI'2016), Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1768-1775 (2016)
  • A. Guillon, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “Optimisation proximale pour le subspace clustering flou”, 25^e Rencontres francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications, La Rochelle, France (2016)
  • A. Guillon, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, N. Pal : “Proximal Optimization for Fuzzy Subspace Clustering”, Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems 16^th International Conference, IPMU 2016, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, June 20-24, 2016, Proceedings, Part I, vol. 610, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Eindhoven, Netherlands, pp. 675-686 (2016)
• 2015
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Fuzzy data mining and management of interpretable and subjective information”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 281, pp. 252–259, (Elsevier) (2015)
  • F. Meunier, Ch. Marsala, L. Castanie : “Development of a recommendation system for decision support in geosciences”, MATHIAS – TOTAL Symposium on Mathematics, Paris, France (2015)
  • kh. Laghmari, M. Ramdani, Ch. Marsala : “A Distributed Graph Based Approach for Rough Classifications Considering Dominance Relations Between Overlapping Classes”, 2015 10^th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA), Rabat, Morocco, pp. 1-6, (IEEE) (2015)
  • P.‑X. Loeffel, Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Classification with a reject option under Concept Drift: the Droplets Algorithm”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA'2015), Paris, France (2015)
  • Ch. Marsala, D. Petturiti : “Rank discrimination measures for enforcing monotonicity in decision tree induction”, Information Sciences, vol. 291, pp. 143-171, (Elsevier) (2015)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy modifiers at the core of interpretable fuzzy systems”, chapter in Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications, vol. 326, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, pp. 51-63, (Springer) (2015)
• 2013
  • Ch. Marsala : “Apprentissage flou en environnement dynamique”, Actes des 22^e rencontres francophone sur la logique floue et ses applications (LFA 2013), Reims, France, pp. 7 (2013)
  • Ch. Marsala, D. Petturiti : “Monotone Classification with Decision Trees”, The 8^th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, EUSFLAT 2013, Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, Milan, Italy, pp. 810-817, (Atlantis Press) (2013)
  • Ch. Marsala, D. Petturiti : “Hierarchical Model for Rank Discrimination Measures”, Proceedings of 12^th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2013, vol. 7958, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Utrecht, Netherlands, pp. 412-423, (Springer) (2013)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Decision Trees for Dynamic Data”, IEEE Symposium on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems - EAIS'2013, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 17-24, (IEEE) (2013)
  • W. Xu, Ch. Marsala, Ch. Benoit : “Matching Objects to User’s Queries in Web of Things’ Applications”, IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Communication Systems and Networks, CIComms 2013, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 31-38, (IEEE) (2013)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Summarizing Fuzzy Decision Forest by subclass discovery”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, FUZZIEEE’2013, Hyderabad, India, pp. 1-6, (IEEE) (2013)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala : “Modeling and management of subjective information in a fuzzy setting”, International Journal of General Systems, vol. 42 (1), pp. 3-19, (Taylor & Francis) (2013)
• 2012
  • Ch. Marsala : “Incremental Tuning of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, Proceedings of the 6^th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS), Kobe, Japan, pp. 2061-2064, (IEEE) (2012)
  • J.‑R. Coffi, Ch. Marsala, N. Museux : “Adaptive complex event processing for harmful situation detection”, Evolving Systems, vol. 3 (3), pp. 167-177, (Springer-Verlag) (2012)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Gradual Fuzzy Decision Trees to Help Medical Diagnosis”, Proceedings of the Fuzz-IEEE'2012 Conference, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 602-607, (IEEE) (2012)
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala, A. Krishnan, M. Siegel : “Weather-Based Solar Energy Prediction”, Proceedings of the Fuzz-IEEE'2012 Conference, IEEE WCCI'2012 International Congress, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 587-593, (IEEE) (2012)
  • F. Dzogang, Ch. Marsala, M.‑J. Lesot, M. Rifqi : “An Ellipsoidal K-Means for Document Clustering”, IEEE 12^th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2012), Bruxelles, Belgium, pp. 221-230, (IEEE) (2012)
• 2011
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Characterizing Forest of Fuzzy Decision Trees Errors”, Proceedings of the 4^th International Conference of the ERCIM WG on COMPUTING & STATISTICS (ERCIM'11), London, United Kingdom (2011)
  • J.‑R. Coffi, Ch. Marsala, N. Museux : “Hybrid Learning System for Adaptive Complex Event Processing”, International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligent Systems (ICAIS'11), vol. 6943, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Klagenfurt, Austria, pp. 260-271, (Springer) (2011)
  • J.‑R. Coffi, N. Museux, Ch. Marsala : “Interval Logic for Design and Maintenance of Complex Event Processing Systems”, Proceedings of the 5^th International Workshop on Event-Driven Business Process Management, vol. 99, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Clermond-Ferrand, France, pp. 407-413, (Springer) (2011)
  • J. Bu, S.‑Y. Lao, L. Bai, S. Tollari, Ch. Marsala : “A Real-time Billboard Trademark Recognition Algorithm in Sports Video”, Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 37 (4), pp. 418-426 (2011)
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Double-linear fuzzy interpolation method”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems FUZZIEEE'2011, Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China, pp. 455-462 (2011)
• 2010
  • Ch. Marsala : “Apprentissage artificiel et raisonnement flou”, habilitation, defence 11/30/2010 (2010)
  • N. Labroche, Ch. Marsala : “Optimization of a Fuzzy Decision Trees Forest with Artificial Ant Based Clustering”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition, SOCPAR, Paris, France, pp. 1-5, (IEEE) (2010)
  • J. Bu, S.‑Y. Lao, L. Bai, S. Tollari, Ch. Marsala : “Real-time Billboard Trademark Detection and Recognition in Sports Video”, International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology (ICIMT 2010), Hong-Kong, China, pp. 137-142 (2010)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Validation de mesures de sélection d’attributs en apprentissage inductif”, Actes de la conférence LFA 2010, Lannion, France, pp. 192-199 (2010)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Quality of Measures for Attribute Selection in Fuzzy Decision Trees”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-8, (IEEE) (2010)
  • S. Tollari, M. Detyniecki, A. Fakeri‑Tabrizi, Ch. Marsala, M.‑R. Amini, P. Gallinari : “Exploitation du contenu visuel pour améliorer la recherche textuelle d’images en ligne”, Document numérique - Revue des sciences et technologies de l'information. Série Document numérique, vol. 13 (1), pp. 187-209, (Hermès) (2010)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “High Scale Fuzzy Video Mining”, chapter in Scalable Fuzzy Algorithms for Data Management and Analysis: Methods and Design, pp. 365-378, (IGI Global), (ISBN: 9781605668581) (2010)
• 2009
  • S. Tollari, M. Detyniecki, A. Fakeri‑Tabrizi, Ch. Marsala, M.‑R. Amini, P. Gallinari : “Using Visual Concepts and Fast Visual Diversity to Improve Image Retrieval”, 9^th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2008, Revised Selected Papers, vol. 5706, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Aarhus, Denmark, pp. 577-584, (Springer Berlin / Heidelberg) (2009)
  • T. Tran, Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G.‑M. Putois : “A model to manage learner’s motivation: a use-case for an academic schooling intelligent assistant”, Proceedings of 4^th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 09), vol. 5794, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Nice, France, pp. 633-638, (Springer) (2009)
  • J. Bu, S.‑Y. Lao, L. Bai, S. Tollari, Ch. Marsala : “Goalmouth Detection in Field-Ball Game Video Using Fuzzy Decision Tree”, Fifth International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG'09), Xi'an, China, pp. 917-921, (IEEE) (2009)
  • Ch. Marsala : “A Fuzzy Decision Tree Based Approach to Characterize Medical Data”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (Fuzz-IEEE'2009), Jeju Island, Korea, Republic of, pp. 1332-1337, (IEEE) (2009)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Fuzzy Analogical Model of Adaptation for Case-Based Reasoning”, IFSA-EUSFLAT 2009, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1625-1630 (2009)
  • S. Tollari, M. Detyniecki, A. Fakeri‑Tabrizi, Ch. Marsala, M.‑R. Amini, P. Gallinari : “Utilisation de concepts visuels et de la diversité visuelle pour améliorer la recherche d’images”, Actes de Conférence en Recherche d'Informations et Applications (CORIA'09), Toulon, France, pp. 83-98 (2009)
  • S. Tollari, M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala, A. Fakeri‑Tabrizi, M.‑R. Amini, P. Gallinari : “Exploiting Visual Concepts to Improve Text-Based Image Retrieval”, European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR), vol. 5478, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Toulouse, France, pp. 701-705, (Springer) (2009)
  • T. Tran, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala, G.‑M. Putois : “An intelligent assistant to support students and to prevent them from dropout”, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU'09), Lisboa, Portugal, pp. 167-172, (INSTICC Press) (2009)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Data Mining with Ensemble of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining (CIDM'09), Nashville, United States, pp. 348-354, (IEEE) (2009)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Modèles flous d’adaptation en raisonnement par cas”, Actes de la conférence LFA 2009, Annecy, France, pp. 167-172 (2009)
• 2008
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Inductive Learning: Principles and Applications in Data Mining”, International Conference on Intelligent System & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 1, Xiamen, China, pp. 1-4, (IEEE) (2008)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “UPMC-LIP6 at TrecVid’08: Balanced and Unbalanced Forests of Fuzzy Decision Trees for High-Level Feature Detection”, TRECVID 2008 workshop participants notebook papers, Gaithersburg, MD, United States, (NIST) (2008)
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala : “Adaptive Acceleration and Shot Stacking for Video Rushes Summarization”, Proceedings of the 2^nd ACM TRECVid Video Summarization Workshop (TVS '08), Vancouver, Canada, pp. 109-113, (ACM) (2008)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “High Scale Video Mining with Forests of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, Proceedings of the 5^th international conference on Soft computing as transdisciplinary science and technology (CSTST'08), Cergy-Pontoise, France, pp. 413-418, (ACM) (2008)
  • Th. Delavallade, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ph. Capet, Ch. Marsala : “Computational intelligence at the service of peace”, Proceedings of the IEEE WCCI 2008 Workshop on Applications of Computational Intelligence to Benefit Society, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, pp. 51-58, (IEEE) (2008)
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala : “Automatic Video Annotation with Forests of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, Mathware & soft computing, vol. 15 (1), pp. 61-74, (RACO) (2008)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Coletti, Ch. Marsala : “Towards a General Theory of Conditional Decomposable Information Measures”, chapter in Uncertainty and intelligent information systems, pp. 47-59, (World Scientific) (2008)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi, Ronald R. Yager : “Uncertainty and intelligent information systems”, (World Scientific), (ISBN: 978-981-279-234-1) (2008)
• 2007
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki, N. Usunier, M.‑R. Amini : “High-Level Feature Detection with Forests of Fuzzy Decision Trees combined with the RankBoost”, TRECVID 2007 workshop participants notebook papers, Gaithersburg, MD, United States, (NIST) (2007)
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala : “Forest of Fuzzy Decision Trees and their Application in Video Mining”, 5^th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT'07), Ostrava, Czechia, pp. 345-352 (2007)
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala : “Video rushes summarization by adaptive acceleration and stacking of shots”, Proceedings of the 1^st ACM Workshop on Video Summarization - TVS 2007 (part of ACM Multimedia'07), Augsburg, Germany, pp. 65-69, (ACM) (2007)
  • A. Lurie, Ch. Marsala, S. Hartley, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, D. Dusser : “Patients’ perception of asthma severity”, Respiratory Medicine, vol. 101 (10), pp. 2145-2152, (Elsevier) (2007)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, M. Detyniecki, M.‑J. Lesot, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Real world fuzzy logic applications in data mining and information retrieval”, chapter in Fuzzy Logic - A Spectrum of Theoretical and Practical Issues, vol. 215, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, pp. 219-247, (Springer), (ISBN: 978-3540712572) (2007)
• 2006
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Coletti, Ch. Marsala : “A general theory of conditional decomposable information measures”, International Conference IPMU 2006, Paris, France, pp. 97-104, (Editions E.D.K.) (2006)
  • Th. Delavallade, Ch. Marsala, Ph. Capet, C. Michel : “Crisis Risk Assessment and Early Warning”, IPMU 2006, industrial track, Paris, France, pp. 33-36 (2006)
  • Th. Dang, Ch. Marsala : “Extension of hierarchical model for fuzzy measures of discrimination”, IPMU Conference, Paris, France, pp. 1284-1291 (2006)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Ranking Attributes to Build Fuzzy Decision Trees: a Comparative Study of Measures”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1777-1783, (IEEE) (2006)
  • Th. Dang, Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, A. Boucher : “Discrimination-based criteria for the evaluation of classifiers”, 7^th International Conference on Flexible Query-Answering Systems, FQAS 2006, vol. 4027, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Milan, Italy, pp. 552-563, (Springer) (2006)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “University of Paris 6 at TRECVID 2006: Forest of Fuzzy Decision Trees for High-Level Feature Extraction”, TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation, Gaithersburg, United States (2006)
• 2005
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “From fuzzy questionnaires to fuzzy decision trees: 30 years of research in fuzzy learning”, BISCSE 2005 workshop, Berkeley, United States (2005)
  • M. Damez, Th. Dang, Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Fuzzy Decision Tree for User Modeling from Human-Computer Interactions”, 5^th International Conference on Human System Learning (ICHSL'05), Marrakech, Morocco, pp. 287-302 (2005)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “University of Paris 6 at TRECVID 2005: High-Level Feature Extraction”, TRECVID 2005 workshop participants notebook papers, Gaithersburg, MD, United States, (NIST) (2005)
  • Th. Delavallade, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala, Ph. Capet : “Country Risk Ratings: A new Methodology to Assess Internal Conflicts risks”, 3^rd European Conference on Risk Management, Antwerp, Belgium (2005)
• 2004
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Selection of attributes for fuzzy decision trees”, Workshop on Soft Computing for Information Mining, in the 27^th 27^th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ulm, Germany (2004)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Th. Dang, Ch. Marsala : “Comparison of techniques for the construction of decision trees”, International Conference on Intelligent and Adaptive Systems and Software Engineering (IASSE'04), Nice, France, pp. 58-62 (2004)
  • Th. Dang, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Measures of information for inductive learning”, 10^th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, Perugia, Italy, pp. 1495-1502 (2004)
• 2003
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Detyniecki : “Fuzzy Data Mining for Video”, EUSFLAT'03 - 3^rd Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, Zittau, Germany, pp. 73-78 (2003)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, R. Mesiar, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Compositional rule of inference as an analogical scheme”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 138 (1), pp. 53-65, (Elsevier) (2003)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Choice of a method for the construction of fuzzy decision trees”, FUZZ '03 - 12^th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 1, St Louis, MO, United States, pp. 584-589, (IEEE) (2003)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Measures of Discrimination for the Construction of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, FIP'03 - International Conference on Fuzzy Information Processing, Beijing, China, pp. 709-714 (2003)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Apprentissage et extraction de connaissances”, chapitre de Traitement de données complexes et commande en logique floue, Traité IC2, série Informatique et Systèmes d'Information, pp. 153-198, (Hermès-Lavoisier) (2003)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Conclusion”, chapitre de Logique floue : principes, aide à la décision, pp. 245-247 (2003)
  • A. Laurent, Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Improvement of the Interpretability of Fuzzy Rule Based Systems: Quantifiers, Similarities and Aggregators”, chapter in Modelling with Words, vol. 2873, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 102-123, (Springer) (2003)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Logique floue : principes, aide à la décision”, Traité IC2, série Informatique et Systèmes d'Information, (Hermès-Lavoisier) (2003)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Méthodes de raisonnement”, chapitre de Logique floue : principes, aide à la décision, Traité IC2, série Informatique et Systèmes d'Information, pp. 121-147, (Hermès-Lavoisier) (2003)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Traitement de données complexes et commande en logique floue”, Traité IC2, série Informatique et Systèmes d'Information, (Hermès-Lavoisier) (2003)
• 2002
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Multimedia Mining Applied to Video News”, 9^th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU'02), Annecy, France, pp. 1001-1008 (2002)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Coletti, Ch. Marsala : “Independence and possibilistic conditioning”, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35 (1-4), pp. 107-123, (Springer Verlag) (2002)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Improving the interpretability of fuzzy models by means of linguistic modifiers”, FSTA 2002 - International Conference on Fuzzy Sets Theory and Its Applications, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia (2002)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Coletti, Ch. Marsala : “Conditional possibility and necessity”, chapter in Technologies for constructing intelligent systems 2, vol. 90, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, pp. 59-71, (Physica Verlag) (2002)
• 2001
  • M. Detyniecki, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Inductive Learning for Multimedia Mining”, EUSFLAT'2001 - 2^nd International Conference in Fuzzy Logic and Technology, Leicester, United Kingdom, pp. 390-393 (2001)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, D. Dubois, Ch. Marsala, H. Prade, L. Ughetto : “A comparative view of interpolation methods between sparse fuzzy rules”, Proceedings Joint 9^th IFSA World Congress and 20^th NAFIPS International Conference (Cat. No. 01TH8569), Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 2499-2504, (IEEE) (2001)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Interpolative reasoning with multi-variable rules”, 9^th IFSA World Congress, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 2476-2481, (IEEE) (2001)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Linguistic modifiers and measures of similarity or resemblance”, 9^th IFSA World Congress, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 2195-2199, (IEEE) (2001)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy partitioning methods.”, chapter in Granular Computing: an Emerging Paradigm, vol. 70, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, pp. 163-186, (Springer-Verlag) (2001)
• 2000
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Construction of fuzzy classes by fuzzy partitioning”, Flexible Query Answering Systems, vol. 7, Advances in Soft Computing, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 497-506, (Physica Verlag) (2000)
  • A. Laurent, S. Gançarski, Ch. Marsala : “Coopération entre un système d’extraction de connaissances floues et un système de gestion de bases de données multidimensionnelles”, Rencontres Francophones sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications (LFA'2000), La Rochelle, France, pp. 325-332, (Cepaduès editions) (2000)
  • A. Laurent, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, A. Doucet, S. Gançarski, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Data Mining from Multidimensional Databases”, International Symposium on Computational Intelligence, (ISCI'2000), Studies CI series, Kosice, Slovakia, pp. 278-283, (Springer-Verlag) (2000)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Coletti, Ch. Marsala : “Possibilistic conditional events”, IPMU 2000 - 8^th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1561-1566 (2000)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, E. Di Crescenzo, Ch. Marsala, N. Mellouli, M. Rifqi : “Uncertainty management in the recognition of a new odor”, IPMU 2000 - 8^th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1924-1927 (2000)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Coletti, Ch. Marsala : “Independence and possibilistic conditioning”, Workshop on Partial Knowledge and Uncertainty: independence, conditioning, inference, Roma, Italy (2000)
  • A. Ramer, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, M. Do Carmo Nicoletti, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Interpolative model for fuzzy arithmetic”, FUZZ IEEE 2000 - 9^th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, San Antonio, United States, pp. 633-635, (IEEE) (2000)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, M. Rifqi, Ch. Marsala : “Interpolative reasoning based on graduality”, Fuzz-IEEE 2000 - 9^th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, San Antonio, United States, pp. 483-487, (IEEE) (2000)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, J. Delechamp, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Analogy as a Basis of Various Forms of Approximate Reasoning”, chapter in Uncertainty in Intelligent and Information Systems, vol. 20, Advances in Fuzzy Systems - Applications and Theory, pp. 70-79, (World scientific publishing) (2000)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani, D. Zakarya, M. Tollabi : “Fuzzy Decision Trees to Extract Features of Odorous Molecules”, chapter in Uncertainty in Intelligent and Information Systems, pp. 235-249, (World Scientific) (2000)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy decision trees to help flexible querying.”, Kybernetika, vol. 36 (6), pp. 689-705, (Institute of Information Theory and Automation) (2000)
• 1999
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, J. Delechamp, Ch. Marsala, R. Mesiar, M. Rifqi : “Fuzzy deductive reasoning and analogical scheme”, EUSFLAT-ESTYL Joint Conference, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, pp. 139-142 (1999)
  • A. Ramer, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Analytical Structure of Hierarchical Discrimination”, FUZZ-IEEE'99 Conference, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, pp. 1050-1053, (IEEE) (1999)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, A. Ramer : “Hierarchical Model for Discrimination Measures”, IFSA'99 - 8^th International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress, Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China, pp. 339-343 (1999)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “An adaptable system to construct fuzzy decision trees”, 18^th International Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, NAFIPS'99, New York, United States, pp. 223-227, (IEEE) (1999)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, J. Delechamp, Ch. Marsala, N. Mellouli, M. Rifqi, L. Zerrouki : “Raisonnement interpolatif à partir de schéma analogique flou”, Journées Nationales sur les Modèles de Raisonnements, Paris, France (1999)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, J. Delechamp, Ch. Marsala, N. Mellouli, M. Rifqi, L. Zerrouki : “Analogy and Fuzzy Interpolation in the case of Sparse Rules”, Second International Conference on Soft and Intelligent Computing, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 132-136 (1999)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Learning Fuzzy Decision Rules”, chapter in Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning and information systems, vol. 5, The Handbooks of Fuzzy Sets Series, pp. 279-304, (Springer) (1999)
• 1998
  • Ch. Marsala : “Apprentissage inductif en présence de données imprécises : construction et utilisation d’arbres de décision flous”, thesis, defence 01/06/1998, supervision Bouchon-meunier, Bernadette (1998)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Construction Methods of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, JCIS'98, Durham, North Carolina, United States, pp. 17-20 (1998)
  • N. Martini Bigolin, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Spatial OQL for Fuzzy Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery”, 2^nd European Symposium PKDD'98, vol. 1510, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Nantes, France, pp. 246-254, (Springer) (1998)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Analogy and fuzzy deductive reasoning”, North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, Pensacola, FL, United States, pp. 101-104, (IEEE) (1998)
  • O. Gascuel, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, G. Caraux, P. Gallinari, A. Guénoche, Y. Guermeur, Y. Lechevallier, Ch. Marsala, L. Miclet, J. Nicolas, R. Nock, M. Ramdani, M. Sebag, B. Tallur, G. Venturini, P. Vitte : “Twelve numerical, symbolic and hybrid supervised classification methods”, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 12 (5), pp. 517-572, (World Scientific Publishing) (1998)
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani, M. Tollabi, D. Zakarya : “Recognition of Odors: a Fuzzy Decision Tree Approach”, Seventh International Conference IPMU, Paris, France, pp. 532-539 (1998)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Application of Fuzzy Rule Induction to Data Mining”, FQAS'98 - 3^rd International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, vol. 1495, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Roskilde, Denmark, pp. 260-271, (Springer) (1998)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, J. Delechamp, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Analogy as a basis of various forms of reasoning”, 7^th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Fontainebleau, France (1998)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Construction d’arbres de décision flous : le système Salammbô”, LFA'98, Rennes, France, pp. 171-176 (1998)
  • Ch. Marsala, N. Martini Bigolin : “Spatial Data Mining with Fuzzy Decision Trees”, International Conference on Data Mining, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 235-248 (1998)
  • Ch. Marsala : “Stability of fuzzy decision trees when classifying evolving observations”, Third International FLINS Worshop on Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies for Nuclear Science and Industry, Anvers, Belgium (1998)
• 1997
  • Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Inductive views of generalization”, EUFIT'97 - 5^th European Congress on Intelligent Techniques and Soft Computing, Aachen, Germany, pp. 939-941 (1997)
  • Ch. Marsala, B. Bouchon‑Meunier : “Forests of Fuzzy Decision Trees”, IFSA'97 - Seventh International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress, Prague, Czechia (1997)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, J. Delechamp, Ch. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Several Forms of Fuzzy Analogical Reasoning”, 6^th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Fuzz'IEEE'97, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 45-50, (IEEE) (1997)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala : “Fuzzy Decision Trees and Databases”, chapter in Flexible Query-Answering Systems, pp. 277-288, (Kluwer) (1997)
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, Ch. Marsala, M. Ramdani : “Learning from Imperfect Data”, chapter in Fuzzy set methods in information engineering : a guided tour of applications, (John Wiley and Sons) (1997)
• 1996
  • B. Bouchon‑Meunier, C. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Comment classer des objets imparfaitement décrits ?”, XXV$^\mbox ème$ colloque international de l'ARAE (Association Rhodanienne pour l'Avancement de l'Econométrie) sur les Structures économiques, l'économétrie et l'informatique, Lyon, France (1996)
• 1995
  • S. Bothorel, B. Bouchon‑Meunier, C. Marsala, M. Rifqi : “Apprentissage en Environnememt Imparfait”, AFCET, Toulouse, France (1995)