Publications 2006-2025

• 2025
  • K. Sisouk, J. Delon, J. Tierny : “A User’s Guide to Sampling Strategies for Sliced Optimal Transport”, Transactions on Machine Learning Research Journal, ([Amherst Massachusetts]: OpenReview.net, 2022) (2025)
  • M. Clémot, J. Digne, J. Tierny : “Topological Autoencoders++: Fast and Accurate Cycle-Aware Dimensionality Reduction”, (2025)
• 2024
  • M. Will, J. Lukasczyk, J. Tierny, Ch. Garth : “Distributed Path Compression for Piecewise Linear Morse-Smale Segmentations and Connected Components”, IEEE LDAV, Saint Pete Beach, United States (2024)
  • F. Vivodtzev, F. Nauleau, J.‑Ph. Braeunig, J. Tierny : “Identifying Locally Turbulent Vortices within Instabilities”, IEEE LDAV 2024 (posters), Saint Pete Beach, United States (2024)
  • M. Kissi, M. Pont, J. Levine, J. Tierny : “A Practical Solver for Scalar Data Topological Simplification”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2024)
  • T. Finken, J. Tierny, J. Levine : “Localized Evaluation for Constructing Discrete Vector Fields”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2024)
  • E. Le Guillou, M. Will, P. Guillou, J. Lukasczyk, P. Fortin, Ch. Garth, J. Tierny : “TTK is Getting MPI-Ready”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, pp. 1-18, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2024)
  • M. Pont, J. Tierny : “Wasserstein Auto-Encoders of Merge Trees (and Persistence Diagrams)”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, pp. 1-16, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2024)
• 2023
  • K. Sisouk, J. Delon, J. Tierny : “Wasserstein Dictionaries of Persistence Diagrams”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, pp. 1-14, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2023)
  • R. Maack, J. Lukasczyk, J. Tierny, H. Hagen, R. Maciejewski, Ch. Garth : “Parallel Computation of Piecewise Linear Morse-Smale Segmentations”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, pp. 1-14, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2023)
  • M. Olejniczak, J. Tierny : “Topological data analysis of vortices in the magnetically-induced current density in LiH molecule”, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, (Royal Society of Chemistry) (2023)
  • P. Guillou, J. Vidal, J. Tierny : “Discrete Morse Sandwich: Fast Computation of Persistence Diagrams for Scalar Data -- An Algorithm and A Benchmark”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, pp. 1-18, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2023)
  • M. Flatken, A. Podobas, R. Fellegara, A. Basermann, J. Holke, D. Knapp, M. Kontak, Ch. Krullikowski, M. Nolde, N. Brown, R. Nash, G. Gibb, E. Belikov, S. Chien, S. Markidis, P. Guillou, J. Tierny, J. Vidal, Ch. Gueunet, J. Günther, M. Pawlowski, P. Poletti, G. Guzzetta, M. Manica, A. Zardini, J.‑P. Chaboureau, M. Mendes, A. Cardil, S. Monedero, J. Ramirez, A. Gerndt : “VESTEC: Visual Exploration and Sampling Toolkit for Extreme Computing: Urgent Decision Making Meets HPC: Experiences and Future Challenges”, IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 87805-87834, (IEEE) (2023)
  • Ch. Garth, R. Maack, M. Pont, J. Tierny : “A Hands-on TTK Tutorial for Absolute Beginners”, IEEE VIS Tutorials, Melbourne, Australia (2023)
  • F. Wetzels, M. Pont, J. Tierny, Ch. Garth : “Merge Tree Geodesics and Barycenters with Path Mappings”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2023)
• 2022
  • Ch. Garth, Ch. Gueunet, P. Guillou, F. Iuricich, J. Levine, J. Lukasczyk, M. Pont, J. Tierny, J. Vidal, B. Wang, F. Wetzels : “Topological Analysis of Ensemble Scalar Data with TTK, A Sequel”, IEEE VIS Tutorials, Oklahoma City, United States (2022)
  • F. Nauleau, F. Vivodtzev, Th. Bridel‑Bertomeu, H. Beaugendre, J. Tierny : “Topological analysis of ensembles of hydrodynamic turbulent flows -- An experimental study”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, Oklahoma City, United States (2022)
  • M. Pont, J. Vidal, J. Tierny : “Principal Geodesic Analysis of Merge Trees (and Persistence Diagrams)”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2022)
• 2021
  • N. Brown, R. Nash, P. Poletti, G. Guzzetta, M. Manica, A. Zardini, M. Flatken, J. Vidal, Ch. Gueunet, E. Belikov, J. Tierny, A. Podobas, W. Der Chien, S. Markidis, A. Gerndt : “Utilising urgent computing to tackle the spread of mosquito-borne diseases”, IEEE/ACM HPC for Urgent Decision Making (UrgentHPC) 2021, St. Louis, United States, pp. 36-44, (IEEE) (2021)
  • M. Pont, J. Vidal, J. Delon, J. Tierny : “Wasserstein Distances, Geodesics and Barycenters of Merge Trees”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 28 (1), pp. 291-301, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2021)
  • Ch. Garth, Ch. Gueunet, P. Guillou, L. Hofmann, J. Levine, J. Lukasczyk, J. Tierny, J. Vidal, B. Wang, F. Wetzels : “Topological Analysis of Ensemble Scalar Data with TTK”, IEEE VIS Tutorials, IEEE VIS Tutorials, New Orleans, United States (2021)
  • R. Cotsakis, J. Shaw, J. Tierny, J. Levine : “Implementing Persistence-Based Clustering of Point Clouds in the Topology ToolKit”, chapter in Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization VI, Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 343-357, (Springer) (2021)
  • J. Lukasczyk, J. Beran, W. Engelke, M. Falk, A. Friederici, Ch. Garth, L. Hofmann, I. Hotz, P. Hristov, W. Köpp, T. Masood, M. Olejniczak, P. Rosen, J.‑T. Sohns, T. Weinkauf, K. Werner, J. Tierny : “Report of the TopoInVis TTK Hackathon: Experiences, Lessons Learned, and Perspectives”, chapter in Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization VI, Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 359-373, (Springer) (2021)
  • J. Vidal, J. Tierny : “Fast Approximation of Persistence Diagrams with Guarantees”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, New Orleans, United States (2021)
  • F. Nauleau, Th. Bridel‑Bertomeu, F. Vivodtzev, H. Beaugendre, J. Tierny : “Topological Data Analysis for numerical method comparisons of 2D turbulent flows”, Journée Visu 2021, Journée virtuelle, France (2021)
  • J. Vidal, P. Guillou, J. Tierny : “A Progressive Approach to Scalar Field Topology”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, pp. 2833-2850, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2021)
  • I. Hotz, T. Bin Masood, F. Sadlo, J. Tierny : “Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization VI”, Mathematics and Visualization, (Springer International Publishing) (2021)
• 2020
  • M. Falk, Ch. Garth, Ch. Gueunet, P. Guillou, A. Gyulassy, L. Hofmann, Ch. Kappe, J. Levine, J. Lukasczyk, J. Tierny, J. Vidal : “Topological Data Analysis Made Easy with the Topology ToolKit, What is New?”, IEEE VIS Tutorials, Salt Lake City, United States (2020)
  • J. Lukasczyk, Ch. Garth, R. Maciejewski, J. Tierny : “Localized Topological Simplification of Scalar Data”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2020)
  • H. Doraiswamy, J. Tierny, P. Silva, G. Nonato, C. Silva : “TopoMap: A 0-dimensional Homology Preserving Projection of High-Dimensional Data”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2020)
• 2019
  • M. Olejniczak, A. Severo Pereira Gomes, J. Tierny : “A Topological Data Analysis Perspective on Non-Covalent Interactions in Relativistic Calculations”, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, vol. e26133, (Wiley) (2019)
  • M. Kontak, J. Vidal, J. Tierny : “Statistical Parameter Selection for Clustering Persistence Diagrams”, SuperComputing Workshop on UrgentHPC, Denver, United States (2019)
  • M. Soler, M. Petitfrere, G. Darche, M. Plainchault, B. Conche, J. Tierny : “Ranking Viscous Finger Simulations to an Acquired Ground Truth with Topology-aware Matchings”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, Vancouver, Canada (2019)
  • Th. Bridel‑Bertomeu, B. Fovet, J. Tierny, F. Vivodtzev : “Topological Analysis of High Velocity Turbulent Flow”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, Vancouver, Canada (2019)
  • J. Vidal, J. Budin, J. Tierny : “Progressive Wasserstein Barycenters of Persistence Diagrams”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2019)
  • M. Falk, Ch. Garth, Ch. Gueunet, J. Levine, J. Lukasczyk, J. Tierny, J. Vidal : “Topological Data Analysis Made Easy with the Topology ToolKit, A Sequel”, IEEE VIS Tutorials, Vancouver, Canada (2019)
  • T. Bin Masood, J. Budin, M. Falk, G. Favelier, Ch. Garth, Ch. Gueunet, P. Guillou, L. Hofmann, P. Hristov, A. Kamakshidasan, Ch. Kappe, P. Klacansky, P. Laurin, J. Levine, J. Lukasczyk, D. Sakurai, M. Soler, P. Steneteg, J. Tierny, W. Usher, J. Vidal, M. Wozniak : “An Overview of the Topology ToolKit”, TopoInVis 2019 - Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization, Nykoping, Sweden (2019)
  • Ch. Gueunet, P. Fortin, J. Jomier, J. Tierny : “Task-based Augmented Reeb Graphs with Dynamic ST-Trees”, Eurographics Symposium on Parallel Graphics and Visualization, Porto, Portugal (2019)
  • Ch. Gueunet, P. Fortin, J. Jomier, J. Tierny : “Task-based Augmented Contour Trees with Fibonacci Heaps”, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 30 (8), pp. 1889-1905, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2019)
  • S. Huron, N. Boukhelifa, Th. Baudel, C. Goulard, P. Isenberg, J. Tierny, R. Vuillemot : “Tendances de la visualisation en France”, (2019)
• 2018
  • M. Soler, M. Plainchault, B. Conche, J. Tierny : “Lifted Wasserstein Matcher for Fast and Robust Topology Tracking”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, Berlin, Germany (2018)
  • G. Favelier, Ch. Gueunet, A. Gyulassy, J. Kitware, J. Levine, J. Lukasczyk, D. Sakurai, M. Soler, J. Tierny, W. Usher, Q. Wu : “Topological Data Analysis Made Easy with the Topology ToolKit”, IEEE VIS Tutorials, Berlin, Germany (2018)
  • G. Favelier, N. Faraj, B. Summa, J. Tierny : “Persistence Atlas for Critical Point Variability in Ensembles”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2018)
  • M. Soler, M. Plainchault, B. Conche, J. Tierny : “Topologically Controlled Lossy Compression”, IEEE Pacific Conference on Visualisation, Kobe, Japan, pp. 46-55, (IEEE) (2018)
• 2017
  • Ch. Gueunet, P. Fortin, J. Jomier, J. Tierny : “Task-based Augmented Merge Trees with Fibonacci Heaps”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization 2017, Phoenix, United States (2017)
  • J. Tierny, G. Favelier, J. Levine, Ch. Gueunet, M. Michaux : “The Topology ToolKit”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2017)
  • B. Summa, J. Tierny, V. Pascucci : “Visualizing the Uncertainty of Graph-based 2D Segmentation with Min-path Stability”, Computer Graphics Forum, (Wiley) (2017)
  • J. Lukasczyk, G. Aldrich, M. Steptoe, G. Favelier, Ch. Gueunet, J. Tierny, R. Maciejewski, B. Hamann, H. Leitte : “Viscous Fingering: A Topological Visual Analytic Approach”, Physical Modeling for Virtual Manufacturing Systems and Processes, Speyer, Germany (2017)
  • A. Vintescu, F. Dupont, G. Lavoué, P. Memari, J. Tierny : “Least Squares Affine Transitions for Global Parameterization”, WSCG 2017 proceedings, Plzen, Czechia (2017)
  • J. Tierny : “Introduction to Topological Data Analysis”, (2017)
  • A. Vintescu, F. Dupont, G. Lavoué, P. Memari, J. Tierny : “Conformal Factor Persistence for Fast Hierarchical Cone Extraction”, Eurographics 2017, Lyon, France (2017)
• 2016
  • J. Tierny : “Contributions to Topological Data Analysis for Scientific Visualization"”, habilitation à diriger des recherches, soutenance 29/04/2016 (2016)
  • Ch. Gueunet, P. Fortin, J. Jomier, J. Tierny : “Contour Forests: Fast Multi-threaded Augmented Contour Trees”, IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization, Baltimore, United States (2016)
  • G. Favelier, Ch. Gueunet, J. Tierny : “Visualizing Ensembles of Viscous Fingers”, IEEE Scientific Visualization Contest, Baltimore, United States (2016)
  • J. Tierny, H. Carr : “Jacobi Fiber Surfaces for Bivariate Reeb Space Computation”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2016)
  • P. Klacansky, J. Tierny, H. Carr, Zh. Geng : “Fast and Exact Fiber Surfaces for Tetrahedral Meshes”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2016)
• 2015
  • Roberto A. Boto, J. Contreras‑Garcia, J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Piquemal : “Interpretation of the reduced density gradient”, Molecular Physics, pp. 1-9, (Taylor & Francis) (2015)
  • H. Carr, Zh. Geng, J. Tierny, A. Chattopadhyay, A. Knoll : “Fiber Surfaces: Generalizing Isosurfaces to Bivariate Data”, Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 34 (3), pp. 241-250, (Wiley) (2015)
  • S. Philip, B. Summa, J. Tierny, P.‑T. Bremer, V. Pascucci : “Distributed Seams for Gigapixel Panoramas”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 21 (3), pp. 350-362, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2015)
  • J. Tierny, D. Guenther, V. Pascucci : “Optimal General Simplification of Scalar Fields on Surfaces”, chapter in Topological and Statistical Methods for Complex Data, (ISBN: 978-3-662-44900-4) (2015)
• 2014
  • D. Guenther, R. Alvarez‑Boto, J. Contreras‑Garcia, J.‑Ph. Piquemal, J. Tierny : “Characterizing Molecular Interactions in Chemical Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 20 (12), pp. 2476-2485, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2014)
  • A. Gyulassy, D. Guenther, J. Levine, J. Tierny, V. Pascucci : “Conforming Morse-Smale Complexes”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 20 (12), pp. 2595-2603, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2014)
  • D. Guenther, J. Salmon, J. Tierny : “Mandatory Critical Points of 2D Uncertain Scalar Fields”, Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 33 (3), pp. 31-40, (Wiley) (2014)
• 2013
  • B. Summa, J. Tierny, P.‑T. Bremer, G. Scorzelli, V. Pascucci : “Active Stitching: Beyond Batch Processing of Panoramas”, (2013)
  • J.‑Ch. Michelin, J. Tierny, F. Tupin, C. Mallet, N. Paparoditis : “Quality evaluation of 3D city building Models with automatic error diagnosis”, International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XL-7/W2, TCII, III, IV, VII ISPRS2013-SSG, Antalya, Türkiye, pp. 161-166 (2013)
  • J.‑M. Thiery, J. Tierny, T. Boubekeur : “Jacobians and Hessians of Mean Value Coordinates for Closed Triangular Meshes”, The Visual Computer, vol. 30, pp. 981-995, (Springer Verlag) (2013)
  • S. Philip, B. Summa, J. Tierny, P.‑T. Bremer, V. Pascucci : “Scalable Seams for Gigapixel Panoramas”, Eurographics Symposium on Parallel Graphics and Visualization, Girona, Spain (2013)
  • M. Gargouri, J. Tierny, E. Jolivet, Ph. Petit, E. Angelini : “ACCURATE AND ROBUST SHAPE DESCRIPTORS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF RIB CAGE STRUCTURES IN CT-IMAGES WITH RANDOM FORESTS”, IEEE International Symposium on BIOMEDICAL IMAGING, San Francisco, United States (2013)
• 2012
  • J. Tierny, V. Pascucci : “Generalized Topological Simplification of Scalar Fields on Surfaces”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2012)
  • J.‑M. Thiery, J. Tierny, T. Boubekeur : “CageR: Cage-based Reverse Engineering of Animated 3D Shapes”, Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 31 (8), pp. 2303-2316, (Wiley) (2012)
  • J.‑M. Thiery, B. Buchholz, J. Tierny, T. Boubekeur : “Analytic Curve Skeletons for 3D Surface Modeling and Processing”, Computer Graphics Forum, (Wiley) (2012)
  • J.‑M. Thiery, B. Buchholz, J. Tierny, T. Boubekeur : “Analytic Curve Skeleton for 3D Surface Modeling and Processing”, Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 31 (7), pp. 2223-2232, (Wiley) (2012)
  • J.‑M. Thiery, J. Tierny, T. Boubekeur : “CageR: From 3D Performance Capture to Cage-based Representation”, ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 - Talk Program, Los Angeles, United States, (ACM) (2012)
  • B. Summa, J. Tierny, V. Pascucci : “Panorama Weaving: Fast and Flexible Seam Processing”, ACM Transactions on Graphics, (Association for Computing Machinery) (2012)
• 2011
  • J.‑M. Thiery, J. Tierny, T. Boubekeur : “Jacobians and Hessians of Mean Value Coordinates for Closed Triangular Meshes”, (2011)
  • P.‑T. Bremer, G. Weber, J. Tierny, V. Pascucci, M. Day, J. Bell : “Interactive Exploration and Analysis of Large Scale Simulations Using Topology-based Data Segmentation”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2011)
  • J. Tierny, J. Daniels, G. Nonato, V. Pascucci, C. Silva : “Inspired quadrangulation”, Computer Aided Geometric Design, (Elsevier) (2011)
• 2010
  • T. Etiene, G. Nonato, C. Scheidegger, J. Tierny, Th. Peters, V. Pascucci, M. Kirby, C. Silva : “Topology Verification for Isosurface Extraction Topology Verification for Isosurface Extraction”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2010)
  • J. Tierny, J. Daniels, G. Nonato, V. Pascucci, C. Silva : “Interactive Quadrangulation with Reeb Atlases and Connectivity Textures Interactive Quadrangulation with Reeb Atlases and Connectivity Textures”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2010)
• 2009
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “Partial 3D Shape Retrieval by Reeb Pattern Unfolding”, Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 28 (1), pp. 41-55, (Wiley) (2009)
  • P.‑T. Bremer, G. Weber, J. Tierny, V. Pascucci, M. Day, John B. Bell : “A Topological Framework for the Interactive Exploration of Large Scale Turbulent Combustion”, IEEE Conference on eScience, Oxford, United Kingdom (2009)
  • E. Santos, J. Tierny, A. Khan, B. Grimm, L. Lins, J. Freire, V. Pascucci, C. Silva, S. Klasky, R. Barreto, N. Podhorszki : “Enabling Advanced Visualization Tools in a Web-Based Simulation Monitoring System”, IEEE Conference on eScience, Oxford, United Kingdom (2009)
  • J. Tierny, A. Gyulassy, E. Simon, V. Pascucci : “Loop surgery for volumetric meshes: Reeb graphs reduced to contour trees”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (2009)
• 2008
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “Fast and precise kinematic skeleton extraction of 3D dynamic meshes”, 19^th IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2008), Tampa, Florida, United States, pp. mobt8.22, (IEEE) (2008)
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “Enhancing 3D Mesh Topological Skeletons with Discrete Contour Constrictions”, The Visual Computer, vol. 24 (3), pp. 155-172, (Springer Verlag) (2008)
• 2007
  • M. Daoudi, T. Filali Ansary, J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre : “3D-Mesh Models: View-Based Indexing and Structural Analysis”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4877, Lecture Notes in computer science, Pisa, Italy, pp. 298-307, (Springer-Verlag) (2007)
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “Reeb chart unfolding based 3D shape signatures”, Eurographics 2007, Prague, Czechia, pp. sp1-s1 (2007)
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “Topology driven 3D mesh hierarchical segmentation”, IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications (Shape Modeling International - SMI), Lyon, France, pp. sp (2007)
• 2006
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “3D Mesh Skeleton Extraction Using Topological and Geometrical Analyses”, 14^th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics 2006), Tapei, Taiwan, Province of China, pp. s1poster (2006)
  • J. Tierny, J.‑Ph. Vandeborre, M. Daoudi : “Invariant High Level Reeb Graphs of 3D Polygonal Meshes”, 3^rd IEEE International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission (3DPVT'06), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, pp. p (2006)