Blockchains are transactional systems based on crypto-currencies governed by decentralized protocols. Decentralized protocol rules govern a community of users without a centralized authority. The “common” shared resource here is a distributed immutable ledger resilient to malicious attacks. The level of resilience strictly depends on the good behavior of participants, that are recompensed by a rewarding mechanism. The objective of this doctoral thesis is then to combine self-organized micro-economies success rules with on- the-shelf tools issued from decision theories including modeling the typical uncertainty incurred in distributed computing systems. The combined rules resulted from these theories will be translated in distributed protocols that will govern a new generation of block-chain-based sustainable communities.