This thesis emerged from the technical evolutions in telecommunications on digital architetures and multitones. Building on these evolutions, new advances in radar applications are possible. The contribution of multitones to ultrawideband software defined radar is studied through 3 aspects: an experimental radar test bench, the impact of RF components on performances and the comparison of multitones with respect to chirp. Based on the state of the art, a theoretical study and implementation of a radar system are realized.The signal performances and the impact of components (amplifier, converters) are studied in simulations and experimentally validated. The results démonstrate the interest of multitones for ultrawide band software defined radar.